windows服务基础

参考资料:<<Windows服务编写原理及探讨>>

windows服务是怎么回事?如何建服务工程?如何调试服务程序?

本文一一为你解答..先把代码贴出来:

// ServiceTest.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application.
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "tchar.h"
//定义全局函数变量
void Init();
BOOL IsInstalled();
BOOL Install();
BOOL Uninstall();
void LogEvent(LPCTSTR pszFormat, ...);
void WINAPI ServiceMain();
void WINAPI ServiceStrl(DWORD dwOpcode);
TCHAR szServiceName[] = _T("ServiceTest");
BOOL bInstall;
SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE hServiceStatus;
SERVICE_STATUS status;
DWORD dwThreadID;
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
                     HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                     LPSTR     lpCmdLine,
                     int       nCmdShow)
{
	Init();
	dwThreadID = ::GetCurrentThreadId();
    SERVICE_TABLE_ENTRY st[] =
    {
        { szServiceName, (LPSERVICE_MAIN_FUNCTION)ServiceMain },
        { NULL, NULL }
    };
	if (stricmp(lpCmdLine, "/install") == 0)
	{
		Install();
	}
	else if (stricmp(lpCmdLine, "/uninstall") == 0)
	{
		Uninstall();
	}
	else
	{
		if (!::StartServiceCtrlDispatcher(st))
		{
			LogEvent(_T("Register Service Main Function Error!"));
		}
	}
	return 0;
}
//*********************************************************
//Functiopn:			Init
//Description:			初始化
//Calls:				main
//Called By:				
//Table Accessed:				
//Table Updated:				
//Input:				
//Output:				
//Return:				
//Others:				
//History:				
//			<author>niying <time>2006-8-10		<version>		<desc>
//*********************************************************
void Init()
{
    hServiceStatus = NULL;
    status.dwServiceType = SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS;
    status.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOPPED;
    status.dwControlsAccepted = SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP;
    status.dwWin32ExitCode = 0;
    status.dwServiceSpecificExitCode = 0;
    status.dwCheckPoint = 0;
    status.dwWaitHint = 0;
}
//*********************************************************
//Functiopn:			ServiceMain
//Description:			服务主函数，这在里进行控制对服务控制的注册
//Calls:
//Called By:
//Table Accessed:
//Table Updated:
//Input:
//Output:
//Return:
//Others:
//History:
//			<author>niying <time>2006-8-10		<version>		<desc>
//*********************************************************
void WINAPI ServiceMain()
{
    // Register the control request handler
#ifdef _DEBUG
	DebugBreak();
#endif
    status.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_START_PENDING;
	status.dwControlsAccepted = SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP;
	//注册服务控制
    hServiceStatus = RegisterServiceCtrlHandler(szServiceName, ServiceStrl);
    if (hServiceStatus == NULL)
    {
        LogEvent(_T("Handler not installed"));
        return;
    }
    SetServiceStatus(hServiceStatus, &status);
    status.dwWin32ExitCode = S_OK;
    status.dwCheckPoint = 0;
    status.dwWaitHint = 0;
	status.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_RUNNING;
	SetServiceStatus(hServiceStatus, &status);
	//模拟服务的运行，10后自动退出。应用时将主要任务放于此即可
	int i = 0;
	while (i < 10)
	{
		Sleep(1000);
		i++;
	}
	//
    status.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOPPED;
    SetServiceStatus(hServiceStatus, &status);
    LogEvent(_T("Service stopped"));
}
//*********************************************************
//Functiopn:			ServiceStrl
//Description:			服务控制主函数，这里实现对服务的控制，
//						当在服务管理器上停止或其它操作时，将会运行此处代码
//Calls:
//Called By:
//Table Accessed:
//Table Updated:
//Input:				dwOpcode：控制服务的状态
//Output:
//Return:
//Others:
//History:
//			<author>niying <time>2006-8-10		<version>		<desc>
//*********************************************************
void WINAPI ServiceStrl(DWORD dwOpcode)
{
    switch (dwOpcode)
    {
    case SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP:
		status.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOP_PENDING;
        SetServiceStatus(hServiceStatus, &status);
        PostThreadMessage(dwThreadID, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0);
        break;
    case SERVICE_CONTROL_PAUSE:
        break;
    case SERVICE_CONTROL_CONTINUE:
        break;
    case SERVICE_CONTROL_INTERROGATE:
        break;
    case SERVICE_CONTROL_SHUTDOWN:
        break;
    default:
        LogEvent(_T("Bad service request"));
    }
}
//*********************************************************
//Functiopn:			IsInstalled
//Description:			判断服务是否已经被安装
//Calls:
//Called By:
//Table Accessed:
//Table Updated:
//Input:
//Output:
//Return:
//Others:
//History:
//			<author>niying <time>2006-8-10		<version>		<desc>
//*********************************************************
BOOL IsInstalled()
{
    BOOL bResult = FALSE;
	//打开服务控制管理器
    SC_HANDLE hSCM = ::OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
    if (hSCM != NULL)
    {
		//打开服务
        SC_HANDLE hService = ::OpenService(hSCM, szServiceName, SERVICE_QUERY_CONFIG);
        if (hService != NULL)
        {
            bResult = TRUE;
            ::CloseServiceHandle(hService);
        }
        ::CloseServiceHandle(hSCM);
    }
    return bResult;
}
//*********************************************************
//Functiopn:			Install
//Description:			安装服务函数
//Calls:
//Called By:
//Table Accessed:
//Table Updated:
//Input:
//Output:
//Return:
//Others:
//History:
//			<author>niying <time>2006-8-10		<version>		<desc>
//*********************************************************
BOOL Install()
{
    if (IsInstalled())
        return TRUE;
	//打开服务控制管理器
    SC_HANDLE hSCM = ::OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
    if (hSCM == NULL)
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, _T("Couldn't open service manager"), szServiceName, MB_OK);
        return FALSE;
    }
    // Get the executable file path
    TCHAR szFilePath[MAX_PATH];
    ::GetModuleFileName(NULL, szFilePath, MAX_PATH);
	//创建服务
    SC_HANDLE hService = ::CreateService(
        hSCM, szServiceName, szServiceName,
        SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS, SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS,
        SERVICE_DEMAND_START, SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL,
        szFilePath, NULL, NULL, _T(""), NULL, NULL);
    if (hService == NULL)
    {
        ::CloseServiceHandle(hSCM);
        MessageBox(NULL, _T("Couldn't create service"), szServiceName, MB_OK);
        return FALSE;
    }
    ::CloseServiceHandle(hService);
    ::CloseServiceHandle(hSCM);
    return TRUE;
}
//*********************************************************
//Functiopn:			Uninstall
//Description:			删除服务函数
//Calls:
//Called By:
//Table Accessed:
//Table Updated:
//Input:
//Output:
//Return:
//Others:
//History:
//			<author>niying <time>2006-8-10		<version>		<desc>
//*********************************************************
BOOL Uninstall()
{
    if (!IsInstalled())
        return TRUE;
    SC_HANDLE hSCM = ::OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
    if (hSCM == NULL)
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, _T("Couldn't open service manager"), szServiceName, MB_OK);
        return FALSE;
    }
    SC_HANDLE hService = ::OpenService(hSCM, szServiceName, SERVICE_STOP | DELETE);
    if (hService == NULL)
    {
        ::CloseServiceHandle(hSCM);
        MessageBox(NULL, _T("Couldn't open service"), szServiceName, MB_OK);
        return FALSE;
    }
    SERVICE_STATUS status;
    ::ControlService(hService, SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP, &status);
	//删除服务
    BOOL bDelete = ::DeleteService(hService);
    ::CloseServiceHandle(hService);
    ::CloseServiceHandle(hSCM);
    if (bDelete)
        return TRUE;
    LogEvent(_T("Service could not be deleted"));
    return FALSE;
}
//*********************************************************
//Functiopn:			LogEvent
//Description:			记录服务事件
//Calls:
//Called By:
//Table Accessed:
//Table Updated:
//Input:
//Output:
//Return:
//Others:
//History:
//			<author>niying <time>2006-8-10		<version>		<desc>
//*********************************************************
void LogEvent(LPCTSTR pFormat, ...)
{
    TCHAR    chMsg[256];
    HANDLE  hEventSource;
    LPTSTR  lpszStrings[1];
    va_list pArg;
    va_start(pArg, pFormat);
    _vstprintf(chMsg, pFormat, pArg);
    va_end(pArg);
    lpszStrings[0] = chMsg;
	
	hEventSource = RegisterEventSource(NULL, szServiceName);
	if (hEventSource != NULL)
	{
		ReportEvent(hEventSource, EVENTLOG_INFORMATION_TYPE, 0, 0, NULL, 1, 0, (LPCTSTR*) &lpszStrings[0], NULL);
		DeregisterEventSource(hEventSource);
	}
}

下面大概说一下服务的工作方法(针对这个工程):

首先,将参数"/install"或"/uninstall"传进WinMain里分别安装以及卸装服务.如果不带参数运行,就认为是服务控制管理启动该服务程序.

接着,安装主要做两件事:打开服务控制管理器(OpenSCManager)和创建服务(CreateService).

卸装和安装类似:打开服务控制管理器(OpenSCManager),关掉服务(ControlService(.., SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP, ..;)和删除服务(DeleteService).

假设已经安装好了,那么打开"服务管理",启动这个服务:

也可以用命令sc来做这事:

这时,由于ServiceMain里有这个句,

#ifdef _DEBUG
DebugBreak();
#endif

那么,系统就会弹出这样的对话框:

选择取消,再使用.net2003或者以上的开发工具调试它.

下面是另一个例子:服务是守护进程,当子进程死掉后,就启动一个新的子进程.

文件wservice.cpp

#define _WIN32_DCOM
#include <windows.h>
#include <winsvc.h>
#include <objbase.h>
#include <Wbemidl.h>
#include <comdef.h>
#include <comutil.h>
#include <Iads.h>
#include <Adshlp.h>
#include <activeds.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <TCHAR.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"wbemuuid.lib")
#define SZSERVICENAME L"WService"
#define SUBROUTINE_CMD _T("wservice.exe -subroutine")
TCHAR *g_lpEventName = _T("WSERVICE");
//#define CHECK_DISTANCE (1000*10)
static HANDLE g_sync_event;
static IWbemLocator  *pLoc = NULL;
static IWbemServices *pSvc = NULL;
static SERVICE_STATUS servicestatus;
static SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE servicestatushandle;
extern void Bluedon_Start();
static bool InitiateCom(void)
{
	HRESULT hres = CoInitializeEx(0, COINIT_MULTITHREADED & (COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED | COINIT_DISABLE_OLE1DDE) ); 
	if (FAILED(hres))
		return false;
	hres =  CoInitializeSecurity(NULL,-1,NULL,NULL,RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_DEFAULT,RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE,NULL,EOAC_NONE,NULL);
	if (FAILED(hres))
	{
		CoUninitialize();
		return false;
	}
	hres = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemLocator,0,CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,IID_IWbemLocator,(LPVOID *)&pLoc);
	if (FAILED(hres))
	{
		CoUninitialize();
		return false;
	}
	hres = pLoc->ConnectServer(L"ROOT//CIMV2",NULL,NULL,0,NULL,0,0,&pSvc);
	if (FAILED(hres))
	{
		pLoc->Release();
		CoUninitialize();
		return false;
	}
	hres = CoSetProxyBlanket(pSvc,RPC_C_AUTHN_WINNT,RPC_C_AUTHZ_NONE,NULL,RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CALL,RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE,NULL,EOAC_NONE);
	if (FAILED(hres))
	{
		pSvc->Release();
		pLoc->Release();     
		CoUninitialize();
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}
static bool ReleaseCom(void)
{
	pSvc->Release();
	pLoc->Release();
	CoUninitialize();
	return true;
}
static BOOL IsSubProcessRunning(IWbemServices *pSvc)
{
	IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumerator = NULL;
	DWORD id = GetCurrentProcessId();
	wchar_t wql[256];
	swprintf(wql, L"select Name, ProcessID, Caption, CommandLine from Win32_Process where Name='wservice.exe' and ProcessID!=%d", id );
	HRESULT hres = pSvc->ExecQuery( L"WQL",
		wql,
		WBEM_FLAG_FORWARD_ONLY | WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL,
		&pEnumerator );
	if (FAILED(hres))
		return FALSE; 
	
	IWbemClassObject	*pclsObj	= NULL;
	ULONG				uReturn		= 0;
	if (pEnumerator==NULL)
	{
		return FALSE;
	}
	hres = pEnumerator->Next(WBEM_INFINITE,1,&pclsObj,&uReturn);
	if (FAILED(hres) || uReturn == 0 || pclsObj == NULL)
		return FALSE;
	pclsObj->Release();
	pEnumerator->Release();
	return TRUE;
}
static DWORD GetSubProcessID(IWbemServices *pSvc)
{
	IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumerator = NULL;
	VARIANT vtProp;
	HRESULT hres;
	DWORD id = GetCurrentProcessId();
	wchar_t wql[256];
	swprintf(wql, L"select Name, ProcessID, Caption, CommandLine from Win32_Process where Name='wservice.exe' and ProcessID!=%d", id );	
	hres = pSvc->ExecQuery( L"WQL", wql,
		WBEM_FLAG_FORWARD_ONLY | WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL,
		&pEnumerator );
	if (FAILED(hres))
		return 0; 
	
	IWbemClassObject	*pclsObj	= NULL;
	ULONG				uReturn		= 0;
	if (pEnumerator==NULL)
	{
		return 0;
	}
	hres = pEnumerator->Next(WBEM_INFINITE,1,&pclsObj,&uReturn);
	if (FAILED(hres) || uReturn == 0 || pclsObj == NULL)
		return 0;
	if (pclsObj != NULL)
	{
		VariantInit(&vtProp);
		hres = pclsObj->Get(L"ProcessID", 0, &vtProp, 0, 0);
		pclsObj->Release();
	}
	pEnumerator->Release();
	return vtProp.intVal;
}
static void InstallService(const WCHAR *szServiceName)
{
	SC_HANDLE handle = ::OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
	WCHAR szFilename[256] = L"/"";
	::GetModuleFileNameW(NULL, szFilename + 1, 254);
	szFilename[wcslen(szFilename)] = L'/"';
	SC_HANDLE hService = ::CreateServiceW(handle,szServiceName,
		szServiceName, SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS, SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS,
		SERVICE_AUTO_START, SERVICE_ERROR_IGNORE, szFilename, NULL,
		NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
	::CloseServiceHandle(hService);
	::CloseServiceHandle(handle);
}
static void DeleteService(const WCHAR *szServiceName)
{
	SC_HANDLE hService = NULL;
	SC_HANDLE handle = ::OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
	hService = ::OpenServiceW(handle,szServiceName,SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
	if ( hService )
	{
		DeleteService(hService);
		::CloseServiceHandle(hService);
	}
	::CloseServiceHandle(handle);
}
static void StopService(const WCHAR *szServiceName)
{
	SC_HANDLE hService = NULL;
	SC_HANDLE handle = ::OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
	hService = ::OpenServiceW(handle,szServiceName,SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
	if ( hService )
	{
		SERVICE_STATUS m_ssStatus;
		::ControlService(hService,SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP,&m_ssStatus);
		::CloseServiceHandle(hService);
	}
	::CloseServiceHandle(handle);
}
static void StartupService(const WCHAR *szServiceName)
{
	SC_HANDLE hService = NULL;
	SC_HANDLE handle = ::OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
	hService = ::OpenServiceW(handle,szServiceName,SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
	if ( hService )
	{
		::StartService(hService,0,NULL);
		::CloseServiceHandle(hService);
	}
	::CloseServiceHandle(handle);
}

void WINAPI ServiceCtrlHandler(DWORD dwControl)
{
#ifdef _DEBUG
	DebugBreak();
#endif
	switch (dwControl)
	{
	case SERVICE_CONTROL_PAUSE:
		servicestatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_PAUSE_PENDING;
		::SetServiceStatus(servicestatushandle, &servicestatus);
		servicestatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_PAUSED;
		break;
	case SERVICE_CONTROL_CONTINUE:
		servicestatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_CONTINUE_PENDING;
		::SetServiceStatus(servicestatushandle, &servicestatus);
		servicestatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_RUNNING;
		break;
	case SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP:
		servicestatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOP_PENDING;
		::SetServiceStatus(servicestatushandle, &servicestatus);
		//TODO:tell sub process to exit
		SetEvent(g_sync_event);
		CloseHandle(g_sync_event);
		ReleaseCom();
		servicestatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOPPED;
		break;
	case SERVICE_CONTROL_SHUTDOWN:
		break;
	case SERVICE_CONTROL_INTERROGATE:
		servicestatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_RUNNING;
		break;
	}
	::SetServiceStatus(servicestatushandle, &servicestatus);
}
void LogEvent(LPCTSTR pFormat)
{
	TCHAR chMsg[256] = {0};
	HANDLE hEventSource;
	LPTSTR lpszStrings[1];
	va_list pArg;
	va_start(pArg, pFormat);
	//	_vstprintf_s(chMsg, pFormat, pArg);
	va_end(pArg);
	lpszStrings[0] = chMsg;
	hEventSource = RegisterEventSource(NULL,SZSERVICENAME);
	if (hEventSource != NULL)
	{
		ReportEvent(hEventSource, EVENTLOG_INFORMATION_TYPE, 0, 0, NULL, 1, 0, (LPCTSTR*) &lpszStrings[0], NULL);
		DeregisterEventSource(hEventSource);
	}
}
void WINAPI ServiceMain(DWORD argc, LPTSTR * argv)
{
#ifdef _DEBUG
	DebugBreak();
#endif
	if (!InitiateCom())
	{
		ExitProcess(0);
	}
	
	servicestatushandle =::RegisterServiceCtrlHandler(SZSERVICENAME, ServiceCtrlHandler);
	if (servicestatushandle == (SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE)0)
	{
		ExitProcess(0);
	}
	servicestatus.dwServiceType = SERVICE_WIN32;
	servicestatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_RUNNING;
	servicestatus.dwControlsAccepted = SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP;
	servicestatus.dwWin32ExitCode = 0;
	servicestatus.dwServiceSpecificExitCode = 0;
	servicestatus.dwCheckPoint = 0;
	servicestatus.dwWaitHint = 0;
	::SetServiceStatus(servicestatushandle, &servicestatus);
	g_sync_event = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, g_lpEventName);
	for (;;)
	{
		if (!IsSubProcessRunning(pSvc))
		{
			TCHAR cmd[256] = SUBROUTINE_CMD;
			STARTUPINFO si;
			PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
			memset(&si, 0, sizeof(STARTUPINFO));
			si.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO);
			CreateProcess(NULL,cmd,NULL,NULL,FALSE,0,NULL,NULL,&si,&pi);
		}
		Sleep(1000*10);
	}
	return;
}
int main(int argc, char*argv[])
{
#ifdef _DEBUG
	DebugBreak();
#endif
	if ((argc==2) && (::strcmp((const char *)argv[1],"-subroutine")==0))
	{
		Bluedon_Start();
		return 0;
	}
	if ((argc==2) && (::strcmp((const char *)argv[1],"-install")==0))
	{
		InstallService(SZSERVICENAME);
		return 0;
	}
	if ((argc==2) && (::strcmp((const char *)argv[1],"-delete")==0))
	{
		DeleteService(SZSERVICENAME);
		return 0;
	}
	if ((argc==2) && (::strcmp((const char *)argv[1],"-startup")==0))
	{
		StartupService(SZSERVICENAME);
		return 0;
	}
	if ((argc==2) && (::strcmp((const char *)argv[1],"-stop")==0))
	{
		StopService(SZSERVICENAME);
		return 0;
	}
	SERVICE_TABLE_ENTRY service_table_entry[] =
	{
		{ SZSERVICENAME, ServiceMain },
		{ NULL, NULL }
	};
	::StartServiceCtrlDispatcher(service_table_entry);
	return 0;
}

文件subprocess.cpp

#define _WIN32_DCOM
#include <windows.h>
#include <winsvc.h>
#include <objbase.h>
#include <Wbemidl.h>
#include <comdef.h>
#include <comutil.h>
#include <Iads.h>
#include <Adshlp.h>
#include <activeds.h>
#include <TCHAR.h>
extern TCHAR *g_lpEventName;
static HANDLE g_sync_event;
void Bluedon_End()
{
	///TODO:exit process
	ExitProcess(0);
}
/*同步退出线程*/
DWORD WINAPI SyncExitThread(LPVOID lpThreadParameter)
{
	g_sync_event = OpenEvent(EVENT_ALL_ACCESS, TRUE, g_lpEventName);
	if(!g_sync_event)
	{
		return 1;
	}
	while (1)
	{
		if( WaitForSingleObject(g_sync_event,1000*1000) == WAIT_OBJECT_0 )
		{
			Bluedon_End();
		}
	}
	return 0;
}
void Bluedon_Start()
{
	DWORD m_dwThreadId;
	CreateThread(NULL,0,SyncExitThread,0,0,&m_dwThreadId);
	while(1)
	{
		Sleep(1000);
	}
}